Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination Pdf Merge

• Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination Pdf Merger
• Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examin…

Neuropsychological tests are specifically designed tasks used to measure a psychological function known to be linked to a particular brain structure or pathway.^[1] Tests are used for research into brain function and in a clinical setting for the diagnosis of deficits. They usually involve the systematic administration of clearly defined procedures in a formal environment. Neuropsychological tests are typically administered to a single person working with an examiner in a quiet office environment, free from distractions. As such, it can be argued that neuropsychological tests at times offer an estimate of a person's peak level of cognitive performance. Neuropsychological tests are a core component of the process of conducting neuropsychological assessment, along with personal, interpersonal and contextual factors.

Neuropsychological; Test Reviews. Alphabetical List. Brief Cognitive Status Exam. Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination. Neuropsychological assessments are ancillary to the typical neurological examination, and establish better precision of the type and extent of cognitive and behavioral deficits found on bedside testing. To accomplish this goal, neuropsychological tests need to be standardized, valid, and reliable, and need to make meaningful comparisons of patient‐derived data to normative performance. Neuropsychological evaluation, it is essential to know the clinical value of patient-reported cognitive complaints. A brief self-report questionnaire to identify cognitive and neurobehavioral problems is the MS Neuro-psychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ).4 The informant version of the MSNQ (MSNQ-I) is consid-ered a reliable cognitive screening tool, 4–7 but inform.

Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination Pdf Merger

Most neuropsychological tests in current use are based on traditional psychometric theory. In this model, a person's raw score on a test is compared to a large general population normative sample, that should ideally be drawn from a comparable population to the person being examined. Normative studies frequently provide data stratified by age, level of education, and/or ethnicity, where such factors have been shown by research to affect performance on a particular test. This allows for a person's performance to be compared to a suitable control group, and thus provide a fair assessment of their current cognitive function.

According to Larry J. Seidman, the analysis of the wide range of neuropsychological tests can be broken down into four categories. First is an analysis of overall performance, or how well people do from test to test along with how they perform in comparison to the average score. Second is left-right comparisons: how well a person performs on specific tasks that deal with the left and right side of the body. Third is pathognomic signs, or specific test results that directly relate to a distinct disorder. Finally, the last category is differential patterns, which are strange test scores that are typical for specific diseases or types of damage.^[2]

• 1Categories

Categories[edit]

Most forms of cognition actually involve multiple cognitive functions working in unison, however tests can be organised into broad categories based on the cognitive function which they predominantly assess.^[3] Some tests appear under multiple headings as different versions and aspects of tests can be used to assess different functions.

Intelligence[edit]

Intelligence testing in a research context is relatively more straightforward than in a clinical context. In research, intelligence is tested and results are generally as obtained, however in a clinical setting intelligence may be impaired so estimates are required for comparison with obtained results. Premorbid estimates can be determined through a number of methods, the most common include: comparison of test results to expected achievement levels based on prior education and occupation and the use of hold tests which are based on cognitive faculties which are generally good indicators of intelligence and thought to be more resistant to cognitive damage, e.g. language.

Memory[edit]

Memory is a very broad function which includes several distinct abilities, all of which can be selectively impaired and require individual testing. There is disagreement as to the number of memory systems, depending on the psychological perspective taken. From a clinical perspective, a view of five distinct types of memory, is in most cases sufficient.^[4]Semantic memory and episodic memory (collectively called declarative memory or explicit memory); procedural memory and priming or perceptual learning (collectively called non-declarative memory or implicit memory) all four of which are long term memory systems; and working memory or short term memory.^[5]Semantic memory is memory for facts, episodic memory is autobiographical memory, procedural memory is memory for the performance of skills, priming is memory facilitated by prior exposure to a stimulus and working memory is a form of short term memory for information manipulation.^[6][7]

• Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT)
• Memory Assessment Scales (MAS)
• Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
• Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test
• Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL)
• Mental Attributes Profiling System

Language[edit]

Language functions include speech, reading and writing, all of which can be selectively impaired.

• Multilingual Aphasia Examination

Executive function[edit]

Executive functions is an umbrella term for a various cognitive processes and sub-processes.^[8] The executive functions include: problem solving, planning, organizational skills, selective attention, inhibitory control and some aspects of short term memory.^[9]

• Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)
• CNS Vital Signs (Brief Core Battery)
• Continuous performance task (CPT)
• Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)
• Digit Vigilance Test
• Figural Fluency Test
• Halstead Category Test
• Kaplan Baycrest Neurocognitive Assessment (KBNA)
• Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment
• Ruff Figural Fluency Test
• Symbol Digit Modalities Test
• Test of Everyday Attention (TEA)

Visuospatial[edit]

Neuropsychological tests of visuospatial function should cover the areas of visual perception, visual construction and visual integration.^[10] Though not their only functions, these tasks are to a large degree carried out by areas of the parietal lobe.^[11]

• Clock Test
• Hooper Visual Organisation Task (VOT)

Dementia specific[edit]

Dementia testing is often done by way of testing the cognitive functions that are most often impaired by the disease e.g. memory, orientation, language and problem solving. Tests such as these are by no means conclusive of deficits, but may give a good indication as to the presence or severity of dementia.

• Dementia Rating Scale

Batteries assessing multiple neuropsychological functions[edit]

There are some test batteries which combine a range of tests to provide an overview of cognitive skills. These are usually good early tests to rule out problems in certain functions and provide an indication of functions which may need to be tested more specifically.

• Barcelona Neuropsychological Test (BNT)
• Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI)
• Hooper Visual Organization Test
• MicroCog

Benefits of Neuropsychological Testing[edit]

The most beneficial factor of neuropsychological assessment is that it provides an accurate diagnosis of the disorder for the patient when it is unclear to the psychologist what exactly he/she has. This allows for accurate treatment later on in the process because treatment is driven by the exact symptoms of the disorder and how a specific patient may react to different treatments. The assessment allows the psychologist and patient to understand the severity of the deficit and to allow better decision-making by both parties.^[12] It is also helpful in understanding deteriorating diseases because the patient can be assessed multiple times to see how the disorder is progressing.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Boyle, G.J., Saklofske, D.H., & Matthews, G. (2012). (Eds.), SAGE Benchmarks in Psychology: Psychological Assessment, Vol. 3: Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment. London: SAGE. ISBN978-0-85702-270-7
2. ^ Seidman, Larry J. (1998). Neuropsychological testing. Harvard Mental Health Letter, 14 (11), 4-6.
3. ^Lezak, Muriel D.; Howieson, Diane B.; Bigler, Erin D.; Tranel, Daniel (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment (Fifth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-539552-5. Retrieved 17 June 2014. Lay summary – Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (17 June 2014).
4. ^Lezak, Muriel D.; Howieson, Diane B.; Bigler, Erin D.; Tranel, Daniel (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment (Fifth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-539552-5. Retrieved 17 June 2014. Lay summary – Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (17 June 2014).
5. ^Mayes, A. R. (2000). 'The neuropsychology of memory'. In Berrios, G. E.; Hodges, J. R (eds.). Memory disorders in psychiatric practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 506. ISBN978-0-521-57671-0.
6. ^Mayes, A.R. (1988). Human organic memory disorders. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 300. ISBN978-0-521-34418-0.
7. ^Baddeley, A. (1992). 'Working Memory'. Science. 255 (5044): 556–559. Bibcode:1992Sci...255..556B. doi:10.1126/science.1736359. JSTOR2876819. PMID1736359.
8. ^Elliot R. (2003). 'Executive functions and their disorders'. British Medical Bulletin. 65 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldg65.049 (inactive 2019-08-20).
9. ^Morgan, A. B.; Lilienfeld, S. O. (2000). 'A meta-analytic review of the relation between antisocial behaviours and neuropsychological measures of executive function'. Clinical Psychology Review. 20 (1): 113–136. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00096-8.
10. ^Hebben, N.; Millberg, W. (2009). Essentials of Neuropsychological Assessment (2nd ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 127. ISBN978-0-470-43747-6.
11. ^Lezak, Muriel D.; Howieson, Diane B.; Bigler, Erin D.; Tranel, Daniel (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment (Fifth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-539552-5. Retrieved 17 June 2014. Lay summary – Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (17 June 2014).
12. ^'Neuropsychological and Psychoeducational Testing for Children and Adults'. New York Assessment. December 2015. Retrieved February 2016.Check date values in: access-date= (help)

Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examin…

Further reading[edit]

• Davis, Andrew, ed. (2011). Handbook of Pediatric Neuropsychology. New York: Springer Publishing. ISBN978-0-8261-0629-2. Retrieved 28 May 2013. Lay summary – Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (17 June 2014).
• Marshall, John (2010). Gurd, Jennifer; Kischka, Udo; Marshall, John (eds.). The Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234110.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-162578-7.
• Loring, David W., ed. (1999). INS Dictionary of Neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-506978-5. Lay summary (21 November 2010). This standard reference book includes entries by Kimford J. Meador, Ida Sue Baron, Steven J. Loring, Kerry deS. Hamsher, Nils R. Varney, Gregory P. Lee, Esther Strauss, and Tessa Hart.
• Miller, Daniel C. (3 January 2013). Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-1-118-17584-2. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
• Parsons, Michael W.; Hammeke, Thomas A., eds. (April 2014). Clinical Neuropsychology: A Pocket Handbook for Assessment (Third ed.). American Psychological Association. ISBN978-1-4338-1687-1. This handbook for practitioners includes chapters by Michael W. Parsons, Alexander Rae-Grant, Ekaterina Keifer, Marc W. Haut, Harry W. McConnell, Stephen E. Jones, Thomas Krewson, Glenn J. Larrabee, Amy Heffelfinger, Xavier E. Cagigas, Jennifer J. Manly, David Nyenhuis, Sara J. Swanson, Jessica S. Chapin, Julie K. Janecek, Michael McCrea, Matthew R. Powell, Thomas A. Hammeke, Andrew J. Saykin, Laura A. Rabin, Alexander I. Tröster, Sonia Packwood, Peter A. Arnett, Lauren B. Strober, Mariana E. Bradshaw, Jeffrey S. Wefel, Roberta F. White, Maxine Krengel, Rachel Grashow, Brigid Waldron-Perrine, Kenneth M. Adams, Margaret G. O'Connor, Elizabeth Race, David S. Sabsevitz, Russell M. Bauer, Ronald A. Cohen, Paul Malloy, Melissa Jenkins, Robert Paul, Darlene Floden, Lisa L. Conant, Robert M. Bilder, Rishi K. Bhalla, Ruth O'Hara, Ellen Coman, Meryl A. Butters, Michael L. Alosco, Sarah Garcia, Lindsay Miller, John Gunstad, Dawn Bowers, Jenna Dietz, Jacob Jones, Greg J. Lamberty, and Anita H. Sim.
• Reddy, Linda A.; Weissman, Adam S.; Hale, James B., eds. (2013). Neuropsychological Assessment and Intervention for Youth: An Evidence Based Approach to Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. American Psychological Association. ISBN978-1-4338-1266-8. OCLC810409783. Retrieved 15 June 2014. This collection of articles for practitioners includes chapters by Linda A. Reddy, Adam S. Weissman, James B. Hale, Allison Waters, Lara J. Farrell, Elizabeth Schilpzand, Susanna W. Chang, Joseph O’Neill, David Rosenberg, Steven G. Feifer, Gurmal Rattan, Patricia D. Walshaw, Carrie E. Bearden, Carmen Lukie, Andrea N. Schneider, Richard Gallagher, Jennifer L. Rosenblatt, Jean Séguin, Mathieu Pilon, Matthew W. Specht, Susanna W. Chang, Kathleen Armstrong, Jason Hangauer, Heather Agazzi, Justin J. Boseck, Elizabeth L. Roberds, Andrew S. Davis, Joanna Thome, Tina Drossos, Scott J. Hunter, Erin L. Steck-Silvestri, LeAdelle Phelps, William S. MacAllister, Jonelle Ensign, Emilie Crevier-Quintin, Leonard F. Koziol, and Deborah E. Budding.
• Riccio, Cynthia A.; Sullivan, Jeremy R.; Cohen, Morris J. (28 January 2010). Neuropsychological Assessment and Intervention for Childhood and Adolescent Disorders. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781118269954. ISBN978-0-470-18413-4. Lay summary (15 June 2014).
• Strauss, Esther; Sherman, Elizabeth M.; Spreen, Otfried (2006). A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-515957-8. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
• Sherman, Elizabeth M.; Brooks, Brian L., eds. (2012). Pediatric Forensic Neuropsychology (Third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-973456-6. Retrieved 14 July 2013. Lay summary – Archives of Clinical Neurology (17 June 2014).

External links[edit]

• UNC School of Medicine Department of Neurology (24 February 2011). 'Neuropsychological Evaluation FAQ'. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. Retrieved 17 June 2014.